Body Organization

 The body has levels of organization that build on each other. Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up organ systems. The function of an organ system depends on the integrated activity of its organs.

The circulatory system: It transports oxygen, nutrients, and other substances to the cells and transports wastes, carbon dioxide, and other substances away from the cells; it can also help stabilize body temperature and pH. 

The immune system: It defends against infection and disease, and transfers lymph between tissues and the blood stream.

The digestive system: It processes foods and absorbs nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water. 

The endocrine system: It provides communication with the body via hormones and direct long term change in other organ systems to maintain homeostasis. 

The respiratory system: It delivers air to where gas exchange can occur.

The skeletal system: It supports and protects soft tissues of the body; provides movement at joints; produces blood cells; and stores minerals.

The muscular system:  It provides movement, support and heat production.

The integumentary system:  It provides protection from injury and fluid loss and provides physical defense against infection by microorganisms.

The nervous system: It collects, transfers and processes information and directs short term change in other organ systems.  

The excretory system: It removes excess water, salts, and waste products from the blood and body and controls pH.

The reproductive system: It produces gamete cells-sex cells- and sex hormones.

Bloom`s Taxonomy

 Bloom's Taxonomy is a hierarchical classification system for learning behaviors that includes knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, assessment, and synthesis. Bloom's taxonomy is frequently used to develop learning objectives that assist students and instructors define and measure the learning experience.

Learning outcomes are what you want your students to learn as a result of a particular session or, on a larger, more general scale, during the entire course. Learning outcomes aim to modify knowledge, skills, or attitudes. Bloom's taxonomy focuses on these by attempting to improve knowledge, skills, and emotional aptitude or balance. The taxonomy serves as a foundation for defining sub-goals and determining how to measure progress toward these objectives. It's vital to remember that learning outcomes are objectives, not activities that help you get there.

Assessment and Evaluation

 

A teacher must assess students to ascertain how well the individual successfully met the learning target. Therefore, assessment affects decisions about grades, placement, advancement and instructional needs. There are some concepts a teacher must follow in order to be a good teacher, the most important ones are:

• Assessment, which can motivate the unmotivated students, restore students` desire to learn, encourage students to keep learning and build increased achievement.
•  Formative assessment purpose, which is a teaching tool not an accountability tool. This tool helps to make a decision if the students had any information before the lesson and during it, not only after finishing the explanation of the whole lesson.
•  Reasoning target, in which students use the knowledge they gained and put their understanding to figure out and solve a problem.
• Format of the test, in which a good format helps the student to solve the problems in a simple and smooth way instead of flipping the papers.

Online challenges

Due to COVID-19 pandemic, I tried both learning and teaching online. During this period, I`ve faced some challenges. The main challenge that was faced as a students and as a teacher at the same time was the bad internet connection. The most important challenge that I`ve faced is students` attention, in which some students mute their microphones and get up and wander away from the class. Another challenge is  missing the communication with students, where few students were not able to attend the class due to internet or electricity issues. So, they can`t communicate with me or with their friends during the class, they were not able to ask questions that may help their classmates too. Also, the ability of students to work with online technologies was a challenge, where some students don`t have enough knowledge to use learning technologies for quizzes, assignments, or exams. Moreover, isolation was a challenge in which  learning online let the student feels isolated from classmates, there is no groupwork, no class discussion, and no collaborative activities.

How to avoid problems while working online?

 

In order to integrate technology in learning, student must be taught some tips in order to avoid problems while working online. 

•  Digital access, as a teacher you have to teach students how to find valuable and safe information on the internet. 
• Digital literacy, which is the ability to learn how to use technology and access information online, for example to learn how to search for answers online. 
• Digital security, which involves teachers to teach students how to stay safe online, how to avoid viruses, scams, and strangers online.
• Digital communication, in which teachers teach students how to communicate safely and effectively online.

Digital Citizen

 A digital citizen is a person who has the knowledge and skills to effectively use digital technologies in an appropriate manner to communicate with others and participate in society.

 In order to be a good citizen, you have to protect your personal information, for example changing social media accounts password every few months. However, you have to treat others with respect. Thus, you have to respect other users privacy, also you have to prevent plagiarism. 

Moreover, you have to report suspicious activity and cyberbullying in order to prevent more cases from happening in the future. Additionally, you must report any illegal post as well.

Online assessment tools

 Due to COVID-19 pandemic, classes were given online. Thus, teachers used several tools in order to work with their students and assess them online. 

The first tool that can be used is Google Forms, it is a simple online assessment tool. It includes, multiple choice questions, true or false, and short or long answer questions. 

The second tool that can be used is Mentimeter, it is an interactive presentation tool, it includes, word clouds, quizzes and multiple choice questions. Moreover, it allows the communication between the teacher and the students, in which questions can be discussed, explained and clarified.

The third tool used is poll everywhere, it is an online service that allows teachers to ask their students questions, so they can answer them using their mobile phones or web browsers.